Wednesday, 6 December 2017

Re: (B.E.E.P) BACKBITING: DEFINITION, TYPES & RULINGS

[12/6, 6:16 AM] NA'IBIN SUNNAH: ???
[12/6, 6:17 AM] ‪+234 805 386 6170‬:  http://www.quranaudio.info/2012/01/recitation-by-slaah-bukhatir.html?m=1
[12/6, 6:18 AM] NA'IBIN SUNNAH: ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿป

On Dec 6, 2017 2:13 PM, "Darul Iftaa" <daruliftaa@datastream.co.za> wrote:

 

 BACKBITING: DEFINITION, TYPES & RULINGS

 

Question

 

Assalamu Alaikkum

I am having some doubts about Gheebath/Gheebah (Backbiting). Kindly clarify the following

1.     Backbiting non muslims is allowed? (It is such a case that not their physical defects mentioned, their false character or behavior is only mentioned) If not so, do we have to seek pardon from them for backbiting?

2.      I have heard that one should seek pardon from the person whom he did backbit only in the case that the latter is aware of backbiting. If the person affected by backbiting is not aware of such information, then one who did backbite only have to pray for him. Is this statement correct?

3.     Reading and discussing policies and actions of tyrant or oppressive rulers/authorities/senior officials which may or may not affect us directly falls under backbiting? 

4.     A person's fault is revealed or made a joke on his mistake without disclosing any kind of identity of him. Does this fall under backbiting?

5.     By definition, mentioning anything which a person dislikes in his absence is backbiting. Suppose a person is beaten or scolded or cheated by somebody, or the person met an accident etc,. In such cases he may dislike describing these things to others with or without his presence. But if we are asked about these things by others, we may have to describe these incidents as a news or information. Does this fall under backbiting? 

6.     Directing others by saying true negative reviews of services like restaurant, bus, commodity stores, household maintenance service like plumbing, carpentry, cleaning etc., falls under backbiting?

Kindly provide us further more general information about backbiting which is should be known by a muslim in this present living condition. 

Jazakallah

 

Answer

 

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salฤmu 'alaykum wa-rahmatullฤhi wa-barakฤtuh. 

 

Consider the following verses of the Quran:

 

ูˆَูŠْู„ٌ ู„ِูƒُู„ِّ ู‡ُู…َุฒَุฉٍ ู„ُู…َุฒَุฉٍ [ุงู„ู‡ู…ุฒุฉ: 1]

Translation: Woe to every backbiter, derider. (Suratul Humaza: Ayat 1)

 

ูˆَู„َุง ูŠَุบْุชَุจْ ุจَุนْุถُูƒُู…ْ ุจَุนْุถًุง ุฃَูŠُุญِุจُّ ุฃَุญَุฏُูƒُู…ْ ุฃَู†ْ ูŠَุฃْูƒُู„َ ู„َุญْู…َ ุฃَุฎِูŠู‡ِ ู…َูŠْุชًุง ูَูƒَุฑِู‡ْุชُู…ُูˆู‡ُ [ุงู„ุญุฌุฑุงุช: 12]

 

Translation: Do not backbite one another. Does one of you like that he eats the flesh of his dead brother? You would abhor it. (Suratul Hujurat: Ayat 12)

 

The definition of backbiting is understood from the following Hadith:

 

ุนู† ุฃุจูŠ ู‡ุฑูŠุฑุฉ، ุฃู† ุฑุณูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู…، ู‚ุงู„: «ุฃุชุฏุฑูˆู† ู…ุง ุงู„ุบูŠุจุฉ؟» ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง: ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุฑุณูˆู„ู‡ ุฃุนู„ู…، ู‚ุงู„: «ุฐูƒุฑูƒ ุฃุฎุงูƒ ุจู…ุง ูŠูƒุฑู‡» ู‚ูŠู„ ุฃูุฑุฃูŠุช ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุฃุฎูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„؟ ู‚ุงู„: «ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุง ุชู‚ูˆู„، ูู‚ุฏ ุงุบุชุจุชู‡، ูˆุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ููŠู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ุจู‡ุชู‡»

ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ุณู„ู… (4/ 2001)

Translation: Abu Hurayrah Radhiyallahu Anhu narrates that Nabi Sallalahu Alayhi Wasallam said: Do you know what is backbiting?" The Sahabah said: "Allah and His Nabi Sallalahu Alayhi Wasallam  know best." Thereupon Nabi Sallalahu Alayhi Wasallam replied, "Backbiting is talking about your (Muslim) brother in a manner which he dislikes." Nabi Sallalahu Alayhi Wasallam  was then asked: "What if my (Muslim) brother is as I say." Nabi Sallalahu Alayhi Wasallam responded, "If he is actually as you say, then that is backbiting; but if that is not in him, then that is slandering." (Sahih Muslim 4/2001)

 

1.     Backbiting could lead to Kufr. When a person backbites and he justifies his backbiting, that could lead to Kufr as he is regarding a Haram act as Halal and permissible.

 

 

2.     When a person backbites whilst knowing it is a sin, he will be sinful and he will have to do Tawbah.

 

 

3.     The following does not constitute backbiting:

·      Talking about the sins and bid'ah committed openly.[1]

·      Reporting to the authorities the oppression of an oppressor. [2]

·      Informing someone of a person's sin to stop the sinner from sinning. [3]

·      Explaining a situation to a Mufti to enquire a ruling.[4]

·      Warning someone[5] about marriage

·      Warning someone about dealing with someone

·      Warning someone about seeking Islamic Knowledge from someone who may be involved in sin or Bid'ah.[6]

Mufti Shafi Rahmatullahi Alayh states "the necessary condition for invoking these exceptions is that speaking ill of someone is not with the intention of insulting or disgracing him, but only to fulfil a genuine need." (Maariful Quran 8/143)

 

Repentance from Gheebah:
If someone backbites someone and he has been made aware of the backbiting, then it is necessary to seek his forgiveness and also repent from such a heinous act. If the person that has been backbited does not know about the backbiting, then only repentance and istighfaar from Allah is necessary.[7] 

 

Regarding the abovementioned questions:

1)    It is not permissible to backbite non-Muslims. However, backbiting a general group without specifying any specific (individual) person is not considered as backbiting.[8]

2)    If the individual is aware that someone has backbited him, then the (one) who has backbit must seek forgiveness from that person, alongside with doing Tawbah and Istighfaar. If the person is unaware that Gheebah (was done about him, then the backbiter should do Tawbah, Istighfaar and making a firm intention to not backbite again.[9]

3)    News articles that discuss policies and actions of politicians which they enact on their constituencies are public news and are generally spread by the politicians themselves. Therefore, such news will not fall under backbiting.

4)    If the person's identity is not mentioned, and it is not indicated towards and neither does the listener know who the person is talking about, then this will not fall under Gheebah.[10]

5)    It is permissible to inform a person regarding some vice in a person for the persons own safety.[11]

6)    Giving truthful reviews of restaurants etc. does not fall under Gheebah.[12] However, it is not permissible to conduct a campaign against any business by soliciting reviews to discredit the business.

 

And Allah Ta'ฤla Knows Best

Ridhwan Ur Rahman

Student Darul Iftaa
Cardiff, Wales, UK

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

 

 



ุชู†ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุบุงูู„ูŠู† ุต.80 1

ูَู‚َุฏِ ุงุณْุชَุซْู†َู‰ ู…ِู†ْ ู‡َุฐَุง ุงู„ْุจَุงุจِ ู…َู†ْ ู„َุง ุบِูŠุจَุฉَ ูِูŠู‡ِ ู…ِู†َ ุงู„ْูُุณَّุงู‚ِ ุงู„ْู…ُุนْู„ِู†ِูŠู†َ ุงู„ْู…ُุฌَุงู‡ِุฑِูŠู†َ ูˆَุฃَู‡ْู„ِ ุงู„ْุจِุฏَุนِ ุงู„ْู…ُุถِู„ِّูŠู†َ

ุงู„ุงุณุชุฐูƒุงุฑ (8/ 563)



ุฃَุญَุฏُู‡َุง ุงู„ุชَّุธَู„ُّู…ُ ูَูŠَุฌُูˆุฒُ ู„ِู„ْู…َุธْู„ُูˆู…ِ ุฃَู†ْ ูŠَุชَุธَู„َّู…َ ุฅِู„َู‰ ุงู„ุณُّู„ْุทَุงู†ِ ูˆَุงู„ْู‚َุงุถِูŠ ูˆَุบَูŠْุฑِู‡ِู…َุง ู…ِู…َّู†ْ ู„َู‡ُ ูˆِู„َุงูŠَุฉٌ ุฃَูˆْ ู‚ُุฏْุฑَุฉٌ ุนَู„َู‰ ุฅِู†ْุตَุงูِู‡ِ ู…ِู†ْ ุธَุงู„ِู…ِู‡ِ 2
ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณู„ู…
(16/ 142)



  ุงู„ِุงุณْุชِุบَุงุซَุฉُ ุนَู„َู‰ ุชَุบْูŠِูŠุฑِ ุงู„ْู…ُู†ْูƒَุฑِ ูˆَุฑَุฏِّ ุงู„ْุนَุงุตِูŠ ุฅِู„َู‰ ุงู„ุตَّูˆَุงุจِ ูَูŠَู‚ُูˆู„ُ ู„ِู…َู†ْ ูŠَุฑْุฌُูˆ ู‚ُุฏْุฑَุชَู‡ُ ูُู„َุงู†ٌ ูŠَุนْู…َู„ُ ูƒَุฐَุง ูَุงุฒْุฌُุฑْู‡ُ ุนَู†ْู‡ُ ูˆَู†َุญْูˆُ ุฐَู„ِูƒَ3

ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณู„ู… (16/ 142)

 



  4ุงู„ِุงุณْุชِูْุชَุงุกُ ุจِุฃَู†ْ ูŠَู‚ُูˆู„َ ู„ِู„ْู…ُูْุชِูŠ ุธَู„َู…َู†ِูŠ ูُู„َุงู†ٌ ุฃَูˆْ ุฃَุจِูŠ ุฃَูˆْ ุฃَุฎِูŠ ุฃَูˆْ ุฒَูˆْุฌِูŠ ุจِูƒَุฐَุง ูَู‡َู„ْ ู„َู‡ُ ุฐَู„ِูƒَ ูˆَู…َุง ุทَุฑِูŠู‚ِูŠ ูِูŠ ุงู„ْุฎَู„َุงุตِ ู…ِู†ْู‡ُ ูˆَุฏَูْุนِ ุธُู„ْู…ِู‡ِ ุนَู†ِّูŠ ูˆَู†َุญْูˆُ ุฐَู„ِูƒَ ูَู‡َุฐَุง ุฌَุงุฆِุฒٌ ู„ِู„ْุญَุงุฌَุฉِ ูˆَุงู„ْุฃَุฌْูˆَุฏُ ุฃَู†ْ ูŠَู‚ُูˆู„َ ูِูŠ ุฑَุฌُู„ٍ ุฃَูˆْ ุฒَูˆْุฌٍ ุฃَูˆْ ูˆَุงู„ِุฏٍ ูˆَูˆَู„َุฏٍ ูƒَุงู†َ ู…ِู†ْ ุฃَู…ْุฑِู‡ِ ูƒَุฐَุง ูˆَู…َุนَ ุฐَู„ِูƒَ ูَุงู„ุชَّุนْูŠِูŠู†ُ ุฌَุงุฆِุฒٌ ู„ِุญَุฏِูŠุซِ ู‡ِู†ْุฏٍ ูˆَู‚َูˆْู„ِู‡َุง ุฅِู†َّ ุฃَุจَุง ุณُูْูŠَุงู†َ ุฑَุฌُู„ٌ ุดَุญِูŠุญٌ ุงู„ุฑَّุงุจِุนُ ุชَุญْุฐِูŠุฑُ ุงู„ْู…ُุณْู„ِู…ِูŠู†َ ู…ِู†َ ุงู„ุดَّุฑِّ ูˆَุฐَู„ِูƒَ ู…ِู†ْ ูˆُุฌُูˆู‡ٍ ู…ِู†ْู‡َุง ุฌَุฑْุญُ ุงู„ْู…َุฌْุฑُูˆุญِูŠู†َ ู…ِู†َ ุงู„ุฑُّูˆَุงุฉِ ูˆَุงู„ุดُّู‡ُูˆุฏِ ูˆَุงู„ْู…ُุตَู†ِّูِูŠู†َ ูˆَุฐَู„ِูƒَ ุฌَุงุฆِุฒٌ ุจِุงู„ْุฅِุฌْู…َุงุนِ ุจَู„ْ ูˆَุงุฌِุจٌ ุตَูˆْู†ًุง ู„ِู„ุดَّุฑِูŠุนَุฉِ ูˆَู…ِู†ْู‡َุง ุงู„ْุฅِุฎْุจَุงุฑُ ุจِุนَูŠْุจِู‡ِ ุนِู†ْุฏَ ุงู„ْู…ُุดَุงูˆَุฑَุฉِ ูِูŠ ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุชู‡

ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณู„ู… (16/ 142)



  ุฑุฌู„ ุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุณุงูˆุฆ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู„ุง ุจุฃุณ ุจู‡5
ุงู„ูุชุงูˆู‰ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏูŠุฉ
(5/ 362)

 

ูุชุจุงุญ ุบูŠุจุฉ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ูˆู…ุชุธุงู‡ุฑ ุจู‚ุจูŠุญ ูˆู„ู…ุตุงู‡ุฑุฉ ูˆู„ุณูˆุก ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ุชุญุฐูŠุฑุง ู…ู†ู‡، ูˆู„ุดูƒูˆู‰ ุธู„ุงู…ุชู‡ ู„ู„ุญุงูƒู… ุดุฑุญ ูˆู‡ุจุงู†ูŠุฉ 6

ุงู„ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ูˆุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงุจู† ุนุงุจุฏูŠู† (ุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฑ) (6/ 408)

 

 

ูˆููŠ ุชู†ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุบุงูู„ูŠู† ู„ู„ูู‚ูŠู‡ ุฃุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠุซ: ุงู„ุบูŠุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃูˆุฌู‡: ููŠ ูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ูŠ ูƒูุฑ ุจุฃู† ู‚ูŠู„ ู„ู‡ ู„ุง ุชุบุชุจ ููŠู‚ูˆู„: ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุจุฉ، ู„ุฃู†ูŠ ุตุงุฏู‚ ููŠู‡ ูู‚ุฏ ุงุณุชุญู„ ู…ุง ุญุฑู… ุจุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนูŠุฉ، ูˆู‡ูˆ ูƒูุฑ، ูˆููŠ ูˆุฌู‡: ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุงู‚ ุจุฃู† ูŠุบุชุงุจ ู…ู† ู„ุง ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู† ูŠุนุฑูู‡، ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุบุชุงุจ، ูˆูŠุฑู‰ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุชูˆุฑุน، ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ูุงู‚، ูˆููŠ ูˆุฌู‡: ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนุตูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูŠุบุชุงุจ ู…ุนูŠู†ุง ูˆูŠุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุนุตูŠุฉ ูุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชูˆุจุฉ، ูˆููŠ ูˆุฌู‡: ู‡ูŠ ู…ุจุงุญ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ูŠุบุชุงุจ ู…ุนู„ู†ุง ุจูุณู‚ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุตุงุญุจ ุจุฏุนุฉ ูˆุฅู† ุงุบุชุงุจ ุงู„ูุงุณู‚ ู„ูŠุญุฐุฑู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠุซุงุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‡ูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู†ูƒุฑ ุงู‡ู€

 

 [ุชุชู…ุฉ]

ูŠุฒุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชู† ุซู†ุชุงู†، ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰: ุงู„ุงุณุชุนุงู†ุฉ ุจู…ู† ู„ู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒุฌุฑู‡، ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ: ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…، ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ: ุงู„ุงุณุชูุชุงุก ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุชุจูŠูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑู…: ุจุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ู…ูุชูŠ ุธู„ู…ู†ูŠ ูู„ุงู† ูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆู…ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงุต، ูˆุงู„ุฃุณู„ู… ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ ุธู„ู…ู‡ ุฃุจูˆู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงุจู†ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุตุฑูŠุญ ู…ุจุงุญ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‡ู€ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฏุฑูƒ ู…ุน ุชุนูŠูŠู†ู‡ ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุฏุฑูƒ ู…ุน ุฅุจู‡ุงู…ู‡ ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุงุจู† ุญุฌุฑ، ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฌุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุงู„ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุฏ ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุฃุจูŠ ุณููŠุงู† - ุฑุถูŠ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุนู†ู‡ุง - ู‚ุงู„ุช ู„ู„ู†ุจูŠ - ุตู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุณู„ู… -: «ุฅู† ุฃุจุง ุณููŠุงู† ุฑุฌู„ ุดุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠู†ูŠ ูˆูˆู„ุฏูŠ ุฅู„ุง ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ู…ู†ู‡، ูˆู‡ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุนู„ู… ู‚ุงู„ ุฎุฐูŠ ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠูƒ ูˆูˆู„ุฏูƒ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆู» ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ: ุจูŠุงู† ุงู„ุนูŠุจ ู„ู…ู† ุฃุฑุงุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุดุชุฑูŠ ุนุจุฏุง، ูˆู‡ูˆ ุณุงุฑู‚ ุฃูˆ ุฒุงู† ููŠุฐูƒุฑู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุดุชุฑูŠ، ูˆูƒุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฑุฃู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูŠ ูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุจุงุฆุน ุฏุฑุงู‡ู… ู…ุบุดูˆุดุฉ ููŠู‚ูˆู„: ุงุญุชุฑุฒ ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูƒุฐุง، ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ: ู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ูƒุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฑูˆูุง ุจู„ู‚ุจู‡ ูƒุงู„ุฃุนุฑุฌ ูˆุงู„ุฃุนู…ุด ูˆุงู„ุฃุญูˆู„، ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ: ุฌุฑุญ ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑูˆุญูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุดู‡ูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตู†ููŠู† ูู‡ูˆ ุฌุงุฆุฒ ุจู„ ูˆุงุฌุจ ุตูˆู†ุง ู„ู„ุดุฑูŠุนุฉ ูุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฌู…ุนุชู‡ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ูŠ:

ุจู…ุง ูŠูƒุฑู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุญุฑู… ุฐูƒุฑู‡ ... ุณูˆู‰ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุญู„ุช ุฃุชุช ุชู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ

ุชุธู„ู… ูˆุดุฑ ูˆุงุฌุฑุญ ูˆุจูŠู† ู…ุฌุงู‡ุฑุง ... ุจูุณู‚ ูˆู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ุง ูˆุบุดุง ู„ู‚ุงุตุฏ

ูˆุนุฑู ูƒุฐุง ุงุณุชูุช ุงุณุชุนู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฒุงุฌุฑ ... ูƒุฐุงูƒ ุงู‡ุชู…ู… ุญุฐุฑ ูุฌูˆุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุฏ

ุงู„ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ูˆุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงุจู† ุนุงุจุฏูŠู† (ุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฑ) (6/ 409)

 

 

ูˆุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชุจู„ุบู‡ ูŠูƒููŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ุฏู… ูˆุฅู„ุง ุดุฑุท ุจูŠุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุบุชุงุจู‡ ุจู‡ 7

 (ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชุจู„ุบู‡ ุฅู„ุฎ) ู„ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุจู„ ูƒู„ุงู… ู…ุณุชุฃู†ู.

ู‚ุงู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก: ุฅุฐุง ุชุงุจ ุงู„ู…ุบุชุงุจ ู‚ุจู„ ูˆุตูˆู„ู‡ุง ุชู†ูุนู‡ ุชูˆุจุชู‡ ุจู„ุง ุงุณุชุญู„ุงู„ ู…ู† ุตุงุญุจู‡ ูุฅู† ุจู„ุบุช ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุชูˆุจุชู‡ ู‚ูŠู„ ู„ุง ุชุจุทู„ ุชูˆุจุชู‡، ุจู„ ูŠุบูุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุนุงู„ู‰ ู„ู‡ู…ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุง ู„ู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุชูˆุจุฉ ูˆู„ู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู„ุญู‚ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดู‚ุฉ، ูˆู‚ูŠู„ ุจู„ ุชูˆุจุชู‡ ู…ุนู„ู‚ุฉ ูุฅู† ู…ุงุช ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุจู„ูˆุบู‡ุง ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ูุชูˆุจุชู‡ ุตุญูŠุญุฉ، ูˆุฅู† ุจู„ุบุชู‡ ูู„ุง ุจู„ ู„ุง ุจุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุญู„ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุบูุงุฑ، ูˆู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู„ ุจู‡ุชุงู†ุง ูู„ุง ุจุฏ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃู† ูŠุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูˆูŠูƒุฐุจ ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุชู…ุงู…ู‡ ููŠ ุชุจูŠูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑู… (ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูˆุฅู„ุง ุดุฑุท ุจูŠุงู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุบุชุงุจู‡ ุจู‡) ุฃูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุณุชุบูุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุชูˆุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุจูŠู† ู„ู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆูŠุนุชุฐุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูŠุณู…ุญ ุนู†ู‡ ุจุฃู†

ุงู„ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ูˆุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงุจู† ุนุงุจุฏูŠู† (ุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฑ) (6/ 410)

 

 

 

ุงู„ุบูŠุจุฉ ุญุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุณู„ู… ุงูˆ ุฐู…ูŠ 8

ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู‚: ูุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู† ูˆุงู„ูƒุงูุฑ

ุงู„ู‡ุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุกูŠุฉ ุต.292

 

 

ุงู„ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ูˆุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงุจู† ุนุงุจุฏูŠู† (ุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฑ) (6/ 410) 9

 

 

ูˆู„ูˆ ุงุบุชุงุจ ุฃู‡ู„ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ูู„ูŠุณ ุจุบูŠุจุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุจู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจู„ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุฎุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุชุจุงุญ ุบูŠุจุฉ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ 10

 (ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูู„ูŠุณ ุจุบูŠุจุฉ) ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุบูŠุจุฉ ุฅู„ุง ู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ูŠู†

ุงู„ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ูˆุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงุจู† ุนุงุจุฏูŠู† (ุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฑ) (6/ 408)

 

 

ูˆุงุนู„ู… ุงู† ุงู„ุบูŠุจุฉ ุชุจุงุญ ู„ุบุฑุถ ุตุญูŠุญ ุดุฑุนูŠ، ูˆู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุงู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุง ุจู‡ุง، ูˆู‡ูˆ:.... 11

4 – ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฐูŠุฑ

ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง: ... ุงูˆ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ

ุงู„ุฏุฑุฑ ุงู„ู…ุจุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุธุฑ ูˆุงู„ุงุจุงุญุฉ ุต.208

 

ูˆู„ูˆ ุงุบุชุงุจ ุฃู‡ู„ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ูู„ูŠุณ ุจุบูŠุจุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุจู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจู„ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ ุฎุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุชุจุงุญ ุบูŠุจุฉ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆู„ 12

 (ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูู„ูŠุณ ุจุบูŠุจุฉ) ู‚ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุบูŠุจุฉ ุฅู„ุง ู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ูŠู†

ุงู„ุฏุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุงุฑ ูˆุญุงุดูŠุฉ ุงุจู† ุนุงุจุฏูŠู† (ุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฑ) (6/ 408)

 

. ูˆู„ูˆ ุฃู† ุฑุฌู„ุงً ุงุบุชุงุจ ุฃู‡ู„ ูƒูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุบูŠุจุฉ ูŠุณู…ู‰ ู‚ูˆู…ุงً ู…ุนุฑูˆููŠู†

ุนูŠูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงุฆู„ ู„ู„ุณู…ุฑู‚ู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญู†ููŠ (ุต: 481)

 

ูˆَู…ِู†ْู‡َุง ุฅِุฐَุง ุฑَุฃَูŠْุชَ ู…َู†ْ ูŠَุดْุชَุฑِูŠ ุดَูŠْุฆًุง ู…َุนِูŠุจًุง

ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณู„ู… (16/ 143)

 

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